Environmental Safety System
1. Water Treatment Plant
Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it more acceptable for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment. Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable components, or reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for its desired end-use.
2. Flare Or Flare Stack
A gas flare, alternatively known as a flare stack, is a gas combustion device used in industrial plants such as petroleum refineries, chemical plants, natural gas processing plants as well as at oil or gas production sites having oil wells, gas wells, offshore oil and gas rigs and landfills.
In industrial plants, flare stacks are primarily used for burning off flammable gas released by pressure relief valves during unplanned over-pressuring of plant equipment. During plant or partial plant startups and shutdowns, flare stacks are also often used for the planned combustion of gases over relatively short periods.
3. Effluent Treatment Plant
Wastewater treatment will vary depending on the nature, age and size of the refinery; however, figure a typical approach (one that is increasingly encountered) for separating effluent into at least three systems:
• «contaminated» storm water;
• process water;
• deballasting water.
This segregation becomes essential when the objective is to optimise recycling, after processing, of low salinity effluent to cooling, fire water storage and process systems and even to LP or MP – HP boilers.
4. Process water
Process water emanates from refinery units (AD, VD, FCC ,HDS, miscellaneous cracking, visbreaking…). Effluent produced by declinators and the FCC (catalytic crackers) are the most saline and often polluted with sulphides which justifies a preliminary stripping and/or oxidation treatment before undergoing oil removal by flotation and biological treatment.
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